Are you finding it difficult to carve out enough time to study Greek? Click for some of my thoughts on this.
Click on a heading below.
This lesson is going to be all about noun and pronoun suffixes. We are going to focus in on αὐτός, but as you learn these suffixes, they will serve you in reading many words that follow similar noun-class-endings.
Let's start with the neuter endings for αὐτός. These are used when the noun it is referring back to happens to be a neuter noun.
Try to identify these forms of it/itself. If you don't know the answer, go ahead and click on your best guess.
What sort of word is αὐτοῦ?
What sort of word is αὐτό?
What sort of word is αὐτῶν?
What sort of word is αὐτά?
What sort of word is αὐτῷ?
What sort of word is αὐτό?
What sort of word is αὐτοῖς?
Forms that are the same are highlighted in color.
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Nominative
αὐτός
αὐτοί
αὐτή
αὐταί
αὐτό
αὐτά
Genitive
αὐτοῦ
αὐτῶν
αὐτῆς
αὐτῶν
αὐτοῦ
αὐτῶν
Dative
αὐτῷ
αὐτοῖς
αὐτῇ
αὐταῖς
αὐτῷ
αὐτοῖς
Accusative
αὐτόν
αὐτούς
αὐτήν
αὐτάς
αὐτό
αὐτά
I am using green, yellow, pink and grey to highlight similarities — where one form of the word pops up in one (or even two) other categories in this chart. This is mind-numbing, I know. But at a certain point in learning, EVERY new language is a bit mind-numbing.
I am going to give you a chance to practice all these below. If you don't know an answer, give it a guess. It is OK to refer back to this chart.
What sort of word is αὐτόν?
What sort of word is αὐτῇ?
What sort of word is αὐτή?
What sort of word is αὐτοί?
What sort of word is αὐτό?
What sort of word is αὐταῖς?
What sort of word is αὐτοῖς?
What sort of word is αὐτός?
What sort of word is αὐτῆς?
What sort of word is αὐτοῦ?
What sort of word is αὐτῶν?
What sort of word is αὐτά?
What sort of word is αὐτῷ?
What sort of word is αὐτάς?
What sort of word is αὐτήν?
What sort of word is αὐταί?
What sort of word is αὐτούς?
The word αὐτός (he/she/it) always has endings that agree with the noun it is describing. Once you learn the masculine forms of αὐτός, you already know ALL of the endings for the masculine noun θεός. How's that!!
Masculine Pronoun (changes form to agree with noun it refers to)
Singular
Plural
Nominative
αὐτός
αὐτοί
Genitive
αὐτοῦ
αὐτῶν
Dative
αὐτῷ
αὐτοῖς
Accusative
αὐτόν
αὐτούς
—ός class of Masculine Noun
Singular
Plural
Nominative
θεός
θεοί
Genitive
θεοῦ
θεῶν
Dative
θεῷ
θεοῖς
Accusative
θεόν
θεούς
Once you learn the feminine forms of αὐτός, you already know ALL of the endings for the feminine noun ἀγάπη.
Feminine Pronoun (changes form to agree with noun it refers to)
Singular
Plural
Nominative
αὐτή
αὐταί
Genitive
αὐτῆς
αὐτῶν
Dative
αὐτῇ
αὐταῖς
Accusative
αὐτήν
αὐτάς
—η class of Feminine Noun
Singular
Plural
Nominative
ἀγάπη
ἀγάπαι
Genitive
ἀγάπης
ἀγάπων
Dative
ἀγάπῃ
ἀγάπαις
Accusative
ἀγάπην
ἀγάπας
The neuter forms of αὐτός are a little different. The endings are not shared by any classes of neuter nouns, per se. HOWEVER, they ARE shared with the neuter definite article, which will help you identify neuter nouns.
Neuter Pronoun (changes form to agree with noun it refers to)
Singular
Plural
Nominative
αὐτό
αὐτά
Genitive
αὐτοῦ
αὐτῶν
Dative
αὐτῷ
αὐτοῖς
Accusative
αὐτό
αὐτά
Neuter Definite Article
Singular
Plural
Nominative
τό
τά
Genitive
τοῦ
τῶν
Dative
τῷ
τοῖς
Accusative
τό
τά
Knowing what we no know about the value of handwriting, there are a couple of strategies you can follow to get all of this set in your mind.
- Review again the recognition exercise at the top of this page.
- Write out for yourself, to stick in your binder, charts that describe:
- θεός
- ἀγάπη
- everything that can be said about the pronoun αὐτός.
I think it is asking too much of ourselves to memorize all this now. But the act of writing it out for yourself today will definitely help you recognize nouns and pronouns more readily as you run into them in Acts.
Last lesson, we were looking at Acts 1:18 Οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἐκτήσατο χωρίον, and finished with:
This sentence includes a conjunction οὖν. Conjunctions are never going to be part of the kernel of a sentence, so let's just hang it above the first word.
μὲν is not usually considered a conjunction.
More often, it is to set up a contrasting phrase, where the other part of the contrast is introduced with a δέ. Though not usually translated this way, you could use an "On the one hand...on the other hand" to capture the feeling, as in Matthew 3:11.
On the one hand (μὲν), I baptize you with water, but on the other hand (δέ), Jesus will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.
But more often than not, μὲν οὖν, when there is no δέ, sets up an editorial comment by the author. Acts 1:18-19 were not a part of Peter's speech — the actions of Judas were known to all there, and had happened just a few weeks before. These two verses are there as part of Luke's story telling, for the people who were reading this decades later.
Since Luke is using μὲν οὖν as a single grammatical unit, I will treat them as a single conjunction.
Remember that the noun that is the subject of the clause will be in the nominative case, and the noun that is the direct object will be in the accusative case. So then, viewing this through different lenses, we have:
We'll pick this up again in the next lesson.